Principles of Macroeconomics — Study Notes

A comprehensive, exam-ready guide to introductory Macroe-conomics, covering GDP measurement, nominal vs. real GDP, unemployment types, inflation and the CPI, the business cycle, the AD-AS model, fiscal policy, monetary policy, the Phillips Curve, and exchange rates. Includes fully worked calculations (real GDP, unemployment rate, fiscal policy effects), comparison tables clarifying com-monly confused concepts, a 20-term glossary, and 18 original practice questions with detailed explanations. Designed to build genuine understanding of how economies function at the aggregate level — ideal for exam prep and for making sense of eco-nomic news and policy debates.